NF H35-113-9-2005 玻璃容器.真空凸缘瓶口.第9部分:深度为63、66和70

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【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodsforMeasurementofThermalExpansionofRockUsingDilatometer
【原文标准名称】:用膨胀计测量岩石的热膨胀的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTMD4535-2008
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2008
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D18.12
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:destructiveexamination;rock;thermalexpansion/contraction;thermalproperties;Destructivetesting--soil/rock;Linearthermalexpansion--rock;Rockmaterials/properties/analysis;Thermalanalysis(TA)--soil/rock
【摘要】:Informationconcerningthethermalexpansioncharacteristicsofrocksisimportantinthedesignofanyundergroundexcavationwherethesurroundingrockmaybeheated.Thermalstraincausesthermalstresseswhichultimatelyaffectexcavationstability.Examplesofapplicationswhererockthermalstrainisimportantinclude:nuclearwasterepositories,undergroundpowerstations,compressedairenergystoragefacilities,andgeothermalenergyfacilities.Thecoefficientofthermalexpansionorx201C;alphax201D;orrockisknowntovaryasthetemperaturechanges.Thesemethodsprovidecontinuousthermalstrainvaluesasafunctionoftemperature,andthereforeprovideinformationonhowalphachangeswithtemperature.Rocksarealsooftenanisotropic,thusdisplayingdifferentthermalstrainsdependingontheorientationofstrainmeasurement.Thesemethodsallowformeasuringstraininonedirectiononly.Ifanisotropyisexpected,sampleswithdifferentorientationsshouldbepreparedandtested.Careshouldbeexercisedintheinterpretationofthermalstraindataofrockswithsignificantmoisturecontent.Undercertaintemperatureandpressureconditions,steammaybeproducedintheporespace.Steammaycauseerrorsbecauseofmicrocrackproductionorchangesintheporepressure.Thephasechangefromwatertosteamintheporespacecanresultinseveralphenomenawhichcomplicatedataanalysis,asfollows:Evolvedsteammaychangetheporepressureandthustheeffectivestressintherock,resultinginanomalousstrainreadings.Losingallthemoisturemaydehydrateclaysintheporespaceandthuschangeexpansioncharacteristics,especiallyinlayeredrocks.Theresearcherusingthisstandardmustusebestjudgmentastohowtomakethethermalexpansionmeasurementsothatitaccuratelyrepresentstheconditionsinthefield.MethodIIisamenabletoconfinedthermalstraindeterminations.Confinedtestsmaybemostappropriatewhen:Porepressuremustbeimposedintheporespacetomaintaintheliquidphaseofwaterthroughthedesiredtemperaturerange.Thethermalstrainoftherockissensitivetoconfiningstress.Thesampleisfragileorfriable,orboth,andcannotbemachinedintotheshapesrequiredforMethodI.1.1Thesetestmethodscoverthelaboratorymeasurementofthelinear(one-dimensional)thermalexpansionofrocksusingadilatometer.1.2Thesetestmethodsareapplicablebetweentemperaturesof25x00B0;Cto300x00B0;C.Bothbenchtopandconfinedmeasurementtechniquesarepresented.Rocksofvaryingmoisturecontentcanbetested.1.3Forsatisfactoryresultsinconformancewiththesetestmethods,theprinciplesgoverningthesize,construction,anduseoftheapparatusdescribedinthesemethodsshouldbefollowed.Iftheresultsaretobereportedashavingbeenobtainedbythismethod,thenallpertinentrequirementsprescribedinthismethodshallbemet.1.4Thesetestmethodsdonotestablishdetailsofconstructionandproceduretocoveralltestsituationsthatmightofferdifficultiestoapersonwithouttechnicalknowledgeconcerningthetheoryofheatflow,temperaturemeasurement,andgeneraltestingpractices.Standardizationofthesetestmethodsdoesnotreducetheneedforsuchtechnicalknowledge.Itisrecognizedalsothatitwouldbeunwise,becauseofthestandardizationofthismethod,toresistinanywaythefurtherdevelopmentofimprovedornewmethodsorproceduresbyresearchworkers.1.5ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasthestandard.Thevaluesgiveninparenthesesaremathematicalconversionstoinch-p......
【中国标准分类号】:P13
【国际标准分类号】:93_020
【页数】:6P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语


【英文标准名称】:Aircraft-Aircraftenginetransportdevices
【原文标准名称】:航空器航空发动机运输装置
【标准号】:ISO11241-1994
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:国际
【发布日期】:1994-08
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:国际标准化组织(IX-ISO)
【起草单位】:ISO/TC20
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:分类系统;成组货件;航天运输;发动机;飞行器;运输机;运输设备;作标记;尺寸;试验;试验;航空运输;运输;规范;分类
【英文主题词】:Aerospacetransport;Airfreighters;Airtransport;Aircraft;Classificationsystems;Classifications;Dimensions;Engines;Marking;Spacetransport;Specifications;Testing;Tests;Transportation;Transportationequipment;Unitloads
【摘要】:Specifiesfunctional,dimensional,structuralandenvironmentalrequirementsforthedesignofaircraftenginetransportdevices,usedtotransportaircraftenginesinwide-bodyaircraft.ThesedevicesareintendedtobeusedinconjunctionwithpalletscompatiblewithISO8097ClassIIrestraintrequirements.Specifiesminimumairandgroundhandlingfeaturesandisintendedtoensureinterchangeabilityandcompatibilitywithpresentandfutureairtransportandgroundhandlingsystem.
【中国标准分类号】:V30
【国际标准分类号】:49_100
【页数】:11P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语